TightBand

Promotional pens: everyone seems to want one.

2007-02-06T05:50:00.000-08:00

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Biblical Literature, The medieval period

2005-04-04T05:11:00.000-07:00

In the early Middle Ages the fourfold sense of Scripture—developed from Origen's threefold

Scheidemann, Philipp

2005-04-03T14:08:00.000-07:00

A journalist and (from 1903) member of the Reichstag for the Social Democrats, Scheidemann

Azide

2005-04-03T00:37:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of chemical compounds containing three nitrogen atoms as a group, represented as (-N3). Azides are considered as derived from hydrazoic acid (HN3), an inorganic salt such as sodium azide (NaN3), or an organic derivative in which the hydrogen atom of hydrazoic acid is replaced by a hydrocarbon group as in alkyl or aryl azide (RN3), or by an acyl (carboxylic acid) group

Catania, Gulf Of

2005-04-02T02:26:00.000-08:00

Italian Golfo Di Catania, inlet of the Ionian Sea on the eastern coast of Sicily. About 20 miles (32 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, it lies between Cape Campolato (south) and Cape Molini (north). The gulf receives the Simeto River below Catania, its chief port.

Arrastra

2005-04-01T23:02:00.000-08:00

Crude drag-stone mill for pulverizing ores such as those containing silver or gold or their compounds. See patio process.

Olmi, Ermanno

2005-04-01T17:12:00.000-08:00

Olmi attended a science high school and took courses in acting at the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Milan. He learned filmmaking while employed at Edisonvolta, a major Milanese electric

Gobabis

2005-03-30T21:54:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern Namibia. It lies on the edge of the Kalahari (Desert) on the intermittent Black Nossob River at an elevation of 4,740 feet (1,445 m). It is a rail terminus and cattle-marketing centre. Tribal reserves (homelands) for the Herero are situated north and southeast of Gobabis. Pop. (1988 est.) 6,500.

Nurmi, Paavo

2005-03-30T14:15:00.000-08:00

Along with numerous other Finns who gained Olympic

Wild Ginger

2005-03-30T06:08:00.000-08:00

Canadian wild ginger,

Sikhism, Canonical and noncanonical literature

2005-03-29T11:58:00.000-08:00

The earliest source materials on Nanak are the janam-sakhis (“life stories”), written 50 to 80 years after the death of the Guru. Most Sikh scholars reject them and rely instead on the Guru's compositions incorporated in the Adi Granth and the Vars (heroic ballads) composed by Bhai Gurdas (died 1629). Neither Nanak's hymns nor Gurdas' Vars are specific regarding the events of Nanak's life. Other historical

Signoret, Simone

2005-03-28T23:45:00.000-08:00

Born in Germany to French nationals, Signoret was reared from the age

Würzburg, University Of

2005-03-28T06:02:00.000-08:00

German in full Bayerische Julius-maximilians-universität Würzburg, autonomous, state-supported university in Würzburg, Ger., founded in 1582. Early a famous centre for the study of Roman Catholic theology, it was secularized in 1814 and became best known for its medical school. Among its teachers were the philosopher F.W. Schelling, the pathologist Rudolf Virchow, and the physicist Wilhelm Röntgen, who discovered X rays there in 1895.

Coipasa, Salar De

2005-03-26T09:28:00.000-08:00

Salt flat, in the bleak Altiplano of Bolivia, about 100 air mi (160 air km) southwest of the city of Oruro, near the Chilean border. At an altitude of 12,073 ft (3,680 m), the flat, Bolivia's second largest (after Salar de Uyuni), occupies 856 sq mi (2,218 sq km). Lago (lake) de Coipasa directly to the north receives the intermittently flowing Río Lauca from the northwest and is connected to Lago de Poopó to the east

Tibet

2005-03-26T03:09:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Bod, in full Tibet Autonomous Region, Chinese (Wade-Giles) Hsi-tsang Tzu-chih-ch'ü, (Pinyin) Xizang Zizhiqu historic region and autonomous region of China that is often called “the roof of the world.” It occupies about 471,700 square miles (1,221,600 square kilometres) of the plateaus and mountains of Central Asia, including Mount Everest (Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng). It is bordered by the Chinese provinces of Tsinghai to the northeast, Szechwan to the east, and Yunnan to the southeast; Myanmar (Burma), India,

Olympic Games, Montreal, Canada, 1976

2005-03-26T01:47:00.000-08:00

Despite producing 32 new world records and a host of memorable performances, the 1976 Games drew more attention to the apparent problems of the Olympic movement. Twenty-six nations, mostly from Africa, chose to boycott the Games when the IOC denied their request to ban New Zealand, whose national rugby team had recently toured South Africa. Taiwan also boycotted, when Canada,

Jones, Deacon

2005-03-24T14:38:00.000-08:00

Jones, an accomplished high school athlete in Orlando, Fla., played football at Mississippi Vocational College and South Carolina State College. He was relatively unknown in 1961 when the Los Angeles Rams selected him in the 14th round of the National

France, History Of, Industrial production

2005-03-24T10:08:00.000-08:00

After 1740 overall production in France rose annually by about 2 percent, and even more in some sectors. During the later decades of the 18th century, French industrial production grew rapidly, although not on the same scale as in Britain, whose industrial development had begun 60 years before that of the French. Coal mining was a major industry by 1789, its production being nearly

Rupert, Prince

2005-03-23T21:02:00.000-08:00

Rupert's father was Frederick V, elector Palatine and king

Masaryk, Tomá (garrigue)

2005-03-23T18:32:00.000-08:00

Chief founder and first president (1918–35) of Czechoslovakia.

Gyda Peninsula

2005-03-23T08:55:00.000-08:00

Also called Gydan Peninsula, Russian Gydansky Poluostrov, peninsula, northern Russia. It is a northern extension of the West Siberian Plain reaching into the Kara Sea and situated between the bays of Ob and Tazovsky to the west and the estuary of the Yenisey River to the east. The peninsula is about 250 miles (400 km) long and is similar in width. It is predominantly low-lying, varying in elevation between 165 and 525 feet (50 and 160 m). The peninsula is

Gooch, Sir Daniel, 1st Baronet

2005-03-21T22:59:00.000-08:00

After working under the pioneer railroad builders George and Robert Stephenson, Gooch was appointed, in 1837, locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway. In this capacity he developed such

Schnitger, Arp

2005-03-21T15:57:00.000-08:00

Schnitger was born into a family of woodworkers; his father was a carver, and Arp was apprenticed to a cousin at age 18. Three years after his cousin's

Ear Disease, Chronic middle-ear infection

2005-03-20T14:18:00.000-08:00

Chronic infection of the middle ear occurs when there is a permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane that allows dust, water, and germs from the outer air to gain access to the middle-ear cavity. This results in a chronic drainage from the middle ear through the outer-ear canal. There are two distinct types of chronic middle-ear infection, one relatively harmless,

Middle Anglia

2005-03-19T20:55:00.000-08:00

A province of Anglo-Saxon England lying between East Anglia and Mercia. It certainly comprised the basins of the Nene, Welland, and Great Ouse, with the districts west of the fens and probably extended into present Oxfordshire. Parts of the area were settled early, but nothing is known of its political history until 653, when it was subject to Mercia, under the rule of Penda's

Defecation

2005-03-19T15:39:00.000-08:00

Also called bowel movement the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste materials (feces) from the digestive tract. In human beings, wastes are usually removed once or twice daily, but the frequency can vary from several times daily to three times weekly and remain within normal limits. Muscular contractions (peristaltic waves) in the walls of the colon move fecal material through the digestive

Peter V

2005-03-18T22:14:00.000-08:00

He wished to convert the

Trajan's Bridge

2005-03-18T07:41:00.000-08:00

First bridge spanning the Danube River, built east of the Iron Gate Rapids at Turnu Severin by the Roman emperor Trajan (reigned AD 98–117) to guarantee the supply line of his legions in conquered Dacia. The engineer, probably Trajan's lieutenant, Apollodorus of Damascus, used timber arches mounted on masonry piers to span the 0.5-mile- (800-metre-) wide river. A century and a half later the

Rosten, Leo

2005-03-17T17:12:00.000-08:00

At age three Rosten immigrated with his parents to Chicago. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1937. After working as a screenwriter

Trajan's Bridge

2005-03-17T02:09:00.000-08:00

Founded in New York City in 1976 as little more than a social club, the charter organization of the AWU grew into a major clearinghouse and support agency for Asian and Pacific American women in the United States. Having absorbed several scattered

Palmer Archipelago

2005-03-16T22:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Antarctic Archipelago, island group off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Gerlache and Bismarck straits. The archipelago, which includes the islands of Anvers (46 miles [74 km] long by 35 miles [56 km] wide), Liège, Brabant, and Wiencke, was discovered in 1898 by the Belgian explorer Adrien de Gerlache. Argentina and the United Kingdom have operated research stations

Paperbark Tree

2005-03-16T15:06:00.000-08:00

Melaleuca quinquenervia, also called punk tree and tea tree, grows to a height of 8 metres (25 feet); it has spongy white bark that peels off in thin layers. M. leucadendron, also called river

Wilhelmina

2005-03-14T19:10:00.000-08:00

She shared the unhappy childhood of her brother, whose friend and confidante she remained most of her life. She married Frederick, hereditary prince of Bayreuth, in 1731; when he became margrave in 1735, the pair set about making Bayreuth a miniature Versailles.

Canadian-american Challenge Cup

2005-03-14T08:06:00.000-08:00

Byname Can-am Cup, trophy of a series of automobile races that took place annually from 1966 to 1975 and from 1977 to 1986. It was sponsored jointly by the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) and the Canadian Automobile Sports Committee (CASC). Entries were two-seater sports and racing cars classified in Group 7 by rules of the International Automobile Federation, the world governing body of auto racing. Races

Kachemak Culture

2005-03-14T01:46:00.000-08:00

The Kachemak people lived in coastal settlements

Judaism, Antirabbinic reactions

2005-03-13T16:37:00.000-08:00

The firm, and on occasion oppressive, tactics of exilarchs and geonim generated antirabbinic reactions, especially in outlying areas where enforcement was difficult, in the form of sectarian and messianic revolts. Inspired in part by ancient Palestinian sectarian doctrines and in part by Muslim usage, the sects were by and large quickly and forcefully suppressed.

Iberian Peninsula

2005-03-13T10:53:00.000-08:00

Peninsula in southwestern Europe, occupied by Spain and Portugal. Its name derives from its ancient inhabitants whom the Greeks called Iberians, probably after the Ebro (Iberus), the peninsula's second longest river (after the Tagus). The Pyrenees form an effective land barrier in the northeast from the rest of Europe, and in the south at Gibraltar the peninsula is separated

Huichol And Cora

2005-03-13T00:36:00.000-08:00

Neighbouring Middle American Indian peoples living in the states of Jalisco and Nayarit in western Mexico. Numbering together about 40,000 in the late 20th century, they inhabit a mountainous region that is cool and dry. The Huichol and Cora languages are about as closely related as Spanish and Italian and are next most closely related to Nahua, the language of the Nahua

Pius Ii

2005-03-12T00:37:00.000-08:00

Original name Enea Silvio Piccolomini outstanding Italian humanist and astute politician who as pope (reigned 1458–64) tried to unite Europe in a crusade against the Turks at a time when they threatened to overrun all of Europe. He wrote voluminously about the events of his day.

Jacobin Club

2005-03-11T18:28:00.000-08:00

The Jacobins originated as the Club Breton at Versailles, where the deputies from Brittany to the Estates-General (later the National Assembly) of 1789 met with deputies from other parts

Fabergé, Peter Carl

2005-03-11T00:18:00.000-08:00

Of Huguenot descent, Fabergé was educated in Germany, Italy, France, and England. His father had by 1842 established himself in St. Petersburg as a jeweler, dealing also in fine decorative objects, a tradition Peter Carl continued after inheriting

Acciaiuoli, Niccolò

2005-03-10T22:07:00.000-08:00

Of a prominent and wealthy Florentine family, Acciaiuoli went to Naples in 1331 to direct the family's banking interests. In 1335 King Robert made him a knight, entrusted him with the care of his nephew Louis of Taranto, and

Eure River

2005-03-09T14:15:00.000-08:00

River in northern France, a left-bank tributary of the Seine, with a length of 140 miles (225 km). From its source in the Perche Hills, Orne département, at an elevation of about 800 feet (240 m), to its confluence with the Seine River above Rouen at Pont de l'Arche, it flows chiefly through agricultural and wooded regions, receiving numerous tributaries, including the Blaise, the Avre, and the

Koss, Johann Olav

2005-03-08T21:14:00.000-08:00

As a youngster Koss showed little promise as a skater, but he was determined to excel in the sport and was passionate

Cueva, Juan De La

2005-03-08T20:14:00.000-08:00

Cueva differed from his contemporaries in having his plays published, thus transmitting to posterity intact examples of early, albeit mediocre, Spanish drama. Cueva's plays in the collection Primera parte

Carlow

2005-03-08T02:57:00.000-08:00

Irish Ceatharlach (“The Four Lakes”) county in the province of Leinster, Ireland. The second smallest Irish county, it is bounded by County Kildare (north), Counties Wicklow and Wexford (east), and Counties Kilkenny and Laoighis (west). The town of Carlow is the county seat. In the east are the granitic mountains of the Leinster Chain, which are crossed by the River Slaney and flanked to the west by the River Barrow

Orthodox Judaism

2005-03-07T13:53:00.000-08:00

The religion of those Jews who adhere most strictly to traditional beliefs and practices. Jewish Orthodoxy resolutely refuses to accept the position of Reform Judaism that the Bible and other sacred Jewish writings contain not only eternally valid moral principles but also historically and culturally conditioned adaptations and interpretations of the

Shabunder

2005-03-07T13:01:00.000-08:00

To handle the greatly increased commerce in the 15th-century Malacca sultanate, four shabunders were appointed

Baram River

2005-03-06T14:13:00.000-08:00

River in northwestern Borneo. Rising in the Iran Mountains, it flows 250 miles (400 km) west and northwest, mostly through primary rain forest to the South China Sea at Baram Point. Above the lowest 100 miles, gorges and rapids make upstream navigation difficult. The Baram is Sarawak's second longest river; its tributaries include the Bakong, Apoh, Palutan, and Patah.

Lowell, Josephine Shaw

2005-03-05T18:46:00.000-08:00

She was born to wealthy Bostonians who numbered among their friends such well-known figures as James Russell Lowell and Margaret Fuller. Traveling

California Aqueduct

2005-03-05T08:52:00.000-08:00

Principal water-conveyance structure of the California State Water Project, U.S., running from the Sacramento River Delta east of San Francisco, south through the San Joaquin Valley, and over the summit of the Tehachapi Mountains, a distance of 273 mi (440 km). At this point it divides into east and west branches, the former terminating some 444 mi from the delta. Sizes of channels

Abkhazo-adyghian Languages

2005-03-05T02:45:00.000-08:00

Also called Northwest Caucasian Languages, group of languages spoken primarily in the northwestern part of the Caucasus Mountains. The languages of this group—Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, Kabardian (Circassian), and the nearly extinct Ubykh—are noted for the great number of distinctive consonants and limited number of distinctive vowels in their sound systems.

Alwar

2005-03-03T05:00:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alwur, city, northeastern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The city is surrounded by a wall and moat and is dominated by a fort on a conical hill against a backdrop of a range of hills. Alwar was made the capital of Alwar princely state in 1775; it contains the 14th-century tomb of Tarang Sultan (the brother of Firuz Shah) and several ancient mosques. The palace, which adjoins a picturesque

Rollinia

2005-03-02T23:10:00.000-08:00

Genus of 65 tropical American trees and shrubs belonging to the family Annonaceae (order Magnoliales). Many have edible fruits similar in flavour and appearance to those of the genus Annona. Two species (R. mucosa and R. pulchrinervis), both called biriba by some authorities, are cultivated for their fruit. Most species of Rollinia are spined or segmented, green-skinned,

Wang Yang-ming

2005-03-02T11:33:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Wang Yangming , original name (Wade–Giles romanization) Wang Shou-jen , literary name Pe-an , canonized as Wen-ch'eng , Japanese Oyo-mei Chinese scholar-official whose Idealistic interpretation of Neo-Confucianism influenced philosophical thinking in East Asia for centuries. Though his government career was rather unstable, his suppression of rebellions brought a century of peace to his region. His philosophical doctrines, emphasizing understanding

Ambrosian Chant

2005-03-02T02:34:00.000-08:00

The Ambrosian Ordinary (chants of the

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

2005-03-01T21:52:00.000-08:00

Branch of chemistry that deals with the identification of elements or grouping of elements present in a sample. The techniques employed in qualitative analysis vary in complexity, depending on the nature of the sample. In some cases it is necessary only to verify the presence of certain elements or groups for which specific tests applicable directly to the sample

Craigavon

2005-03-01T03:04:00.000-08:00

New town (built after 1966), Craigavon district, Northern Ireland, southwest of Belfast. Craigavon new town was developed under the New Towns Act of 1965 as a commercial, light industrial, and residential centre linking the older towns of Lurgan and Portadown. It was named after James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, the first prime minister (1921–40) of Northern Ireland. The new town's planning

Madison River

2005-02-28T19:14:00.000-08:00

River in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming, U.S. The Madison River rises in the northwestern corner of Yellowstone National Park at the junction of the Gibbon and Firehole rivers. It flows west through Hebgen Lake (impounded by a dam) into southwestern Montana, then turns north between the Madison Range (to the east) and the Gravelly Range and the Tobacco

Gaul

2005-02-28T15:54:00.000-08:00

By the 5th century BC the Gauls had migrated south from the Rhine River valley to the Mediterranean coast. By the middle of the 4th century

Hawkesworth, John

2005-02-27T20:09:00.000-08:00

Hawkesworth collaborated with Johnson (whose prose style he closely imitated) in founding a periodical, The Adventurer. He wrote poems and articles for both these publications, adapted plays for the actor-manager David Garrick, and wrote

Anthony Of Padua, Saint

2005-02-27T16:04:00.000-08:00

Raphael M. Huber, St. Anthony of Padua, Doctor of the Church Universal (1948); Mabel A. Farnum, Saint Anthony of Padua: His Life and Miracles (1948); Sophronius Clasen, St. Anthony, Doctor of the Gospel (1961, reissued as St. Anthony, Doctor of the Church, 1987).

Artemisa

2005-02-27T11:16:00.000-08:00

City, western La Habana provincia, western Cuba, situated east of the Sierra del Rosario. Artemisa is a key commercial and processing centre of the region. Sugarcane, tobacco, and pineapples and other fruits are its major agricultural products. Liquor and soap are made in the city, and sugar refineries are nearby. Artemisa lies on the main highway and main railroad line

Aethelflaed

2005-02-26T05:01:00.000-08:00

The daughter of King Alfred the Great, she helped her brother Edward the Elder, king of the West Saxons (reigned 899–924), in conquering the Danish armies occupying eastern England. Aethelflaed became the effective ruler of Mercia some years before the death (911) of her husband, Aethelred, ealdorman of the Mercians. While

Religion, Study Of, The Chicago school

2005-02-25T22:37:00.000-08:00

The phenomenological method was brought to the United States primarily by the German-American historian of religions Joachim Wach (1898–1955), who established Religionswissenschaft (Science of Religion) in Chicago and was thus the founder of the modern “Chicago school” (though his successor, Mircea Eliade, has a rather different slant). Wach was concerned with emphasizing

Kórinthos

2005-02-25T11:27:00.000-08:00

English Corinth nomós (department), straddling the junction of southern continental Greece and the Peloponnese. With an area of 884 sq mi (2,289 sq km), it is indented by the Saronic Gulf (southeast) and the Gulf of Corinth (northwest), which are linked via a navigable canal through the Isthmus of Corinth. Ephyra (Watchtower), is the ancient name of the plateau of Corinth, which has been inhabited since

Ocarina

2005-02-24T23:06:00.000-08:00

Also called Sweet Potato, globular flute, a late 19th-century musical development of traditional Italian carnival whistles of earthenware, often bird-shaped and sounding only one or two notes. It is an egg-shaped vessel of clay or metal or, as a toy, of plastic and is sounded on the flageolet, or fipple flute, principle. It usually has eight finger holes and two thumbholes and may have a tuning

Earth Sciences

2005-02-24T19:21:00.000-08:00

Sprint

2005-02-23T08:48:00.000-08:00

Racers compete in groups of two (sometimes called a match sprint) or three, and they frequently spend the early laps of the race moving relatively slowly and trying to manoeuvre their opponents into the lead, while at the same time following close

Clove

2005-02-22T08:05:00.000-08:00

Small, reddish-brown flower bud of the tropical evergreen tree Syzygium aromaticum (sometimes Eugenia caryophyllata) of the family Myrtaceae, important in the earliest spice trade and believed indigenous to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, of Indonesia. Strong of aroma and hot and pungent in taste, cloves are used to flavour many foods, particularly

Prestea

2005-02-22T00:20:00.000-08:00

Town, Western Region, southwestern Ghana, West Africa, on the west bank of the Ankobra River, about 60 mi (100 km) northwest of Cape coast. It is linked by railroad with Tarkwa and with Sekondi-Takoradi, both to the southeast. Prestea is a centre of trade for the surrounding agricultural region, which produces rice, cassava, corn (maize), taro, and timber. Industries produce beverages,

Tunis

2005-02-21T13:58:00.000-08:00

Tunis was founded by the Libyans, who in the 9th century BC surrendered the site of Carthage to

Scaevola, Publius Mucius

2005-02-21T08:10:00.000-08:00

In 133, Scaevola

Vaida-voevod, Alexandru

2005-02-20T23:09:00.000-08:00

A native of Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Vaida-Voevod joined a small Romanian nationalist group in the Hungarian Parliament after

Outcault, Richard Felton

2005-02-20T14:12:00.000-08:00

Outcault studied art in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Paris and later contributed to Judge and Life, humour magazines that had begun publication in the early 1880s. By 1885 he was drawing comic cartoons based

Furniture, Historical forms and styles

2005-02-18T18:46:00.000-08:00

Round stone tables on low pedestal legs are known in Egypt from the time of the pyramids (c. 2700 BC). Egyptian limestone reliefs also show tables of normal height. Dating from the later dynasties, crude wooden tables with architectonic molding have been preserved. No tables have survived from ancient Greece. From the Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum, however, there are

Shilka River

2005-02-18T08:07:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Šilka river, Chita oblast (province), southeastern Russia, formed by the union of the Onon and Ingoda rivers. It flows 348 miles (560 km) northeast to unite with the Argun to form the Amur River on the Russia–China border. The area of its drainage basin is 80,000 square miles (206,000 square km). The river is navigable for its entire length.

Botswana

2005-02-18T03:43:00.000-08:00

Officially Republic of Botswana, formerly Bechuanaland, country in the centre of southern Africa. It has an area of 224,607 square miles (581,730 square kilometres). The territory is roughly square—approximately 600 miles from north to south and 600 miles from east to west—with its eastern side protruding into a sharp point. Its eastern and southern borders are marked by river courses and an old wagon road; its western borders are lines of longitude

Chatoyance

2005-02-18T00:47:00.000-08:00

The property of some minerals to exhibit a wavy, luminous band with a silky lustre, reminiscent of the eye of a cat, in the centre of a cabochon-cut (polished, with a rounded, unfaceted convex surface) stone. The effect, caused by parallel fibres or by oriented imperfections or inclusions within the stone, is typical of cat's-eye, tigereye, satin spar, and bronzite. The fibres,

Blondel De Nesle

2005-02-17T23:26:00.000-08:00

Nothing is known about Blondel outside of his poetry. He was probably from Nesle, in Picardy; but the name Blondel may be a nickname, and it is uncertain how many of the 25 songs attributed to him are actually his. His poetry is conventional in its complaints to an unknown lady but contains no references

Elk

2005-02-17T22:46:00.000-08:00

Elk county was created in 1843. The principal communities are St. Marys, Johnsonburg, and Ridgway, which is the county seat.

Kinship

2005-02-17T21:26:00.000-08:00

Freud's concern was with the origin of the incest taboo, which is practically universal in human society. He believed that children have a secret desire to commit incest

Walid, Al-

2005-02-17T11:18:00.000-08:00

Al-Walid, the eldest son of the caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, was fervently orthodox in his religious views, and he had a great interest in architecture. As caliph, he confiscated the Christian Basilica of St. John the Baptist in Damascus

Bachofen, Johann Jakob

2005-02-15T23:42:00.000-08:00

Bachofen was a professor of the history of Roman law at the University of Basel (1841–45) and also a judge of the Basel criminal court (1842–66). After writing two works on Roman civil law (1847 and 1848), he traveled to Italy

Fabian Society

2005-02-15T09:58:00.000-08:00

The name of the society is derived from the Roman general Fabius Cunctator, whose patient and elusive tactics in avoiding pitched battles secured his ultimate

Astronomy

2005-02-15T00:05:00.000-08:00

Until the invention of the telescope and the discovery of the laws of motion and gravity in the 17th century, astronomy was primarily

Porbeagle

2005-02-14T22:21:00.000-08:00

Species of mackerel shark (q.v.).

Alesia

2005-02-13T06:09:00.000-08:00

Ancient town situated on Mont Auxois, above the present-day village of Alise-Sainte-Reine in the département of Côte d'Or, France, famous as the site of the siege of Vercingetorix by Julius Caesar in 52 BC that was decisive in his conquest of Gaul. The Gallic town was succeeded on the same site by a Roman town.

Crompton, Samuel

2005-02-12T16:12:00.000-08:00

As a youth Crompton spun cotton on a spinning jenny for his family; its defects inspired him to try to invent a better device. In 1779, after devoting all his spare time and money to the effort, he produced a machine

Black Prince's Ruby

2005-02-12T13:31:00.000-08:00

Large red gem set in the Maltese cross in the front of the imperial state crown of England. It is not a ruby but is one of the world's largest gem-quality red spinels, a polished lump 5 cm (2 inches) long, pierced and partly filled with a small ruby. The stone was given to Edward the Black Prince by Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile, on the victory of Nájera in 1367. It narrowly escaped destruction

Ramayana

2005-02-11T23:50:00.000-08:00

The poem describes the royal birth of Rama in the kingdom of Ayodhya (Oudh), his tutelage

Anderson, Viv

2005-02-11T08:45:00.000-08:00

Anderson began his professional football

Fuselage

2005-02-10T23:19:00.000-08:00

Central portion of the body of an airplane, designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo. It varies greatly in design and size according to the function of the aircraft. In a jet fighter the fuselage consists of a cockpit large enough only for the controls and pilot, but in a jet airliner it includes a much larger cockpit as well as a cabin that has separate decks

Wagner, Richard

2005-02-10T01:24:00.000-08:00

The artistic and theatrical background of Wagner's early years (several elder sisters became opera singers or actresses) was a main formative influence. Impulsive and self-willed, he was a negligent scholar at the Kreuzschule, Dresden, and the Nicholaischule, Leipzig. He frequented concerts, however, taught himself the piano and composition, and read the plays of

Yi Sang-cha

2005-02-09T08:40:00.000-08:00

Yi was originally a slave in a scholar's household, but his great artistic talents soon came to the attention of the king, and he was admitted to the Korean Royal Academy and made a member of the middle class. He is known for his landscapes as well as for his portraits of the royal

Tiger Beetle

2005-02-08T20:13:00.000-08:00

Any member of the approximately 2,000 species of the insect family Cicindelidae (order Coleoptera). The name derives from their voracious eating habits. The larva lives in a vertical burrow, which is sometimes as much as 0.67 m (2 feet) deep. It waits at the top of the burrow for prey (insects), which it grasps with sicklelike mandibles (jaws). A pair of hooks on the abdomen anchor the larva,

Melancholia

2005-02-08T19:29:00.000-08:00

A mental condition characterized by extreme depression (q.v.) and feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. It is especially a part of manic-depressive psychosis (q.v.).

China, The bureaucratic style

2005-02-08T07:58:00.000-08:00

Regular posts in the Nan Sung civil service numbered about 20,000 without counting numerous sinecures, temporary commissions, and a slightly larger number of military officers. Besides eliminating most patronage privileges, by which high officials were entitled to obtain an official title for a son or other family member, the court occasionally considered a general

Mola

2005-02-07T15:42:00.000-08:00

Type of embroidered woman's outer garment, worn as part of the blouse by the Kuna Indians of the San Blas Archipelago, off the eastern coast of Panama. The mola's brightly coloured designs, done in reverse appliqué technique, traditionally are abstract, often based on the patterns of brain coral. Recently, schematically drawn figurative designs have become

Ards

2005-02-07T14:04:00.000-08:00

Irish An Aird district, Northern Ireland. Formerly within County Down, in 1973 Ards was established as a district with an area of 139 sq mi (361 sq km). It extends northward from just south of the village of Killinchy along the western shoreline of Strangford Lough (inlet of the sea) to the town of Newtownards and encompasses the peninsula of land east of Strangford Lough. Bordered by North Down

TightBand

Promotional pens: everyone seems to want one.

Biblical Literature, The medieval period

Scheidemann, Philipp

Azide

Catania, Gulf Of

Arrastra

Olmi, Ermanno

Gobabis

Nurmi, Paavo

Wild Ginger

Sikhism, Canonical and noncanonical literature

Signoret, Simone

Würzburg, University Of

Coipasa, Salar De

Tibet

Olympic Games, Montreal, Canada, 1976

Jones, Deacon

France, History Of, Industrial production

Rupert, Prince

Masaryk, Tomá (garrigue)

Gyda Peninsula

Gooch, Sir Daniel, 1st Baronet

Schnitger, Arp

Ear Disease, Chronic middle-ear infection

Middle Anglia

Defecation

Peter V

Trajan's Bridge

Rosten, Leo

Trajan's Bridge

Palmer Archipelago

Paperbark Tree

Wilhelmina

Canadian-american Challenge Cup

Kachemak Culture

Judaism, Antirabbinic reactions

Iberian Peninsula

Huichol And Cora

Pius Ii

Jacobin Club

Fabergé, Peter Carl

Acciaiuoli, Niccolò

Eure River

Koss, Johann Olav

Cueva, Juan De La

Carlow

Orthodox Judaism

Shabunder

Baram River

Lowell, Josephine Shaw

California Aqueduct

Abkhazo-adyghian Languages

Alwar

Rollinia

Wang Yang-ming

Ambrosian Chant

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

Craigavon

Madison River

Gaul

Hawkesworth, John

Anthony Of Padua, Saint

Artemisa

Aethelflaed

Religion, Study Of, The Chicago school

Kórinthos

Ocarina

Earth Sciences

Sprint

Clove

Prestea

Tunis

Scaevola, Publius Mucius

Vaida-voevod, Alexandru

Outcault, Richard Felton

Furniture, Historical forms and styles

Shilka River

Botswana

Chatoyance

Masaryk, Tomá (garrigue)

Religion, Study Of, The Chicago school